::DEFINITIONS::

 External Rotation of the hip- movement of the leg outward (foot will point away from the body) use of the following muscles; piriformis, gemullus superior, obturator internus, gemullus interior, obturator externus, quadratus femoris, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, Sartorius, iliapsoas, long head of biceps femoris.

Adduction of the leg- moving of a body part toward the central axis of the body. Using the following muscles; adductor magnus, longus and brevis, the gracilis and the pectineus

Frontal Plane-(coronal or lateral cardinal plane) line which splits the body vertically into front and back halves of equal weight. Frontal plane movement involves; hip-AB/ADDuction, trunk-lateral flexion, scapula-elevation/depression, foot/ankle-inversion/eversion, wrist-radial and ulnar deviation.

Flexion of the neck- The act of bending a joint or limb in the body by the action of flexors. Flexors of the neck include; longus coli and longus capitus.

Center of Gravity- the point within something at which gravity can be considered to act; in uniform gravity it is equal to the center of mass.

talocrural joint- synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus bone in the foot.

Hamstring muscles- biceps femoris (long head/short head), semitendonosis, semimembranosis.

Quadriceps muscles- biceps femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis.

Muscle power- product of force and velocity

Ligaments- fibrous tissue that connects bone to other bone.

Flexion at the hip- the hip flexors are a group of skeletal muscles that act to flex the femur onto the lumbo-pelvic complex. Hip flexors include the following; iliopsoas, iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris.

Plantarflexion- extension of the ankle joint. Muscles involved include; gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and tibialis posterior.

Posterior- toward the back of the body

Extension- when a joint is straightened. In the anatomical position, most joints are in relaxed extension or neutral position. In relation to anatomical position, movements of extension are directed in the sagittal plane.

Anatomical position- considered the starting poisition for body segment movements. It is standing in an erect position with all body parts, including the plams of the hands facing forward.

Dynamic- utilizing momentum

Concentric contractions- force generated is sufficient to overcome the resistance, and the muscle shortens as it contract

Eccentric contractions- the force generated is insufficient to overcome the external load on the muscle and the muscle fibers lengthen as they contract. An eccentric contraction is used as a means of decelerating a body part or object, or lowering a load gently rather than letting it drop.

Knee Extension- straightening of the knee joint. The following muscles extend the knee; rectus femoris and vastus lateralis/intermedius/medialis.

Muscle-tissue composed of fibers capable of contracting to effect bodily movement